Trong tiếng Việt, chúng ta thường nói “Mặc dù… nhưng…”, đó là câu nói phổ biến trong cuộc sống. Và trong tiếng Anh, cũng có một loại câu tương tự, được gọi là mệnh đề nhượng bộ. Đây là một cấu trúc quan trọng và thông dụng trong quá trình học tiếng Anh. Để giúp các bạn hiểu và nắm chắc cách sử dụng của mệnh đề này, Vietop English đã tổng hợp đầy đủ kiến thức lý thuyết và bài tập thực hành của mệnh đề nhượng bộ.
1. Mệnh đề nhượng bộ là gì?
Mệnh đề nhượng bộ (Clauses of reason) là một thành phần trong câu phức, dùng để diễn tả sự đối lập với mệnh đề chính trong câu.
Nếu trong câu đã sử dụng các trạng từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ rồi thì không được dùng “but”.
E.g: Although she worked very hard, she couldn’t get a promotion. => She worked very hard but she couldn’t get a promotion.
2. Mệnh đề nhượng bộ với Although, Even though, Though
Các liên từ Although, Even though hay Though được dùng trong các mệnh đề nhượng bộ với cấu trúc:
Although/ Even though/ Though + S1 + V1, S2 + V2.
Hoặc:
S2 + V2 + although/ even though/ though + S1 + V1.
Mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề nhượng bộ có thể đổi chỗ cho nhau trong câu.
E.g:
- Although it was raining, he walked to school. = He walked to school although it was raining.
- He came to class on time even though the traffic was terrible. = Even though the traffic was terrible, he came to class on time.
- Though it’s hot, I have to go to the library as usual. = I have to go to the library as usual though it’s hot.
3. Một số cấu trúc mệnh đề nhượng bộ khác
Bên cạnh Although, Even though hay Though, mệnh đề nhượng bộ còn có những cấu trúc khác như sau.
Mệnh đề nhượng bộ với Wh-over
Cấu trúc: Wh-over + S1 + (may) + V1, S2+ V2.
E.g. Whoever he may be, we don’t believe what he says.
Mệnh đề nhượng bộ với No matter
Cấu trúc: No matter + Wh-word + S1 + V1, S2 + V2.
E.g. No matter what she says, no one believes her.
Mệnh đề nhượng bộ với It doesn’t matter
Cấu trúc: It doesn’t matter + Wh-word + S1 + V1, S2 + V2.
E.g: It doesn’t matter what he says, he’s always your dad.
Mệnh đề nhượng bộ với However
Cấu trúc: However + adj/ adv + S1 + (may) + V1, S2 + V2.
E.g: However sad Ann was, she came to the party with her friends.
Mệnh đề nhượng bộ với Though/ As
Cấu trúc 1: Adjective/ Adverb + though/ as + S1 + (may) + V1, S2 + V2.
E.g. Hard as she studied, she couldn’t pass the exam.
Cấu trúc 2: Verb + O/ A + as/ though + S1 + may, S2 + V2
E.g. Work hard as Tom may, he can’t support his family.
4. Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ
Bên cạnh mệnh đề nhượng bộ, chúng ta còn có thể rút gọn chúng thành cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ bởi các giới từ: Despite, in spite of, regardless of.
Cấu trúc: Despite/ In spite of/ Regardless of + Noun/ V-ing (+ N/ Adv), S + V.
E.g:
- Despite the very difficult exercise, he was able to do it well.
- He refused to buy a new house despite having enough money.
- In spite of studying hard, she couldn’t get good marks in this exam.
- He walked to the office despite being tired.
Chúng ta cũng có thể dùng “in spite of the fact (that)” hoặc “despite the fact (that)”.
E.g: He passed the exam in spite of the fact (that)/ despite the fact (that) he didn’t study hard.
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5. Bài tập mệnh đề nhượng bộ
Exercise 1. Hoàn thành những câu dưới đây, sử dụng Although, Despite, In spite of.
1.______ the story of the movie was good, I didn’t like the actor.
2. I went to see the film ______ feeling exhausted.
3. I really liked Harry Potter______ most of my friends said it wasn’t a very good film.
4.______ careful preparation, they had lots of difficulties in making the exercise.
5.______ the film was gripping, Jenny slept from beginning to end.
6.________________ she has a good look, nobody likes her.
7. Jane hardly sees Tom ________________ they go to the same company.
8. ________________ her illness, I went to school yesterday.
9. ________________ it was cold outside, we went for a picnic.
10. ________________ working hard, he failed the examination.
11. ________________ the difficulties, she tried to solve the problem.
12. My grandmother was very strong ________________ her old age.
13. The children slept deeply ________________ the noisy talk.
14. ________________ the good salary, Maria refused the job offer.
15. ________________ earning a good salary, Emma never wastes her money.
16. I feel the song is boring________________ many people like it.
17. ________________the bad weather, we went for a walk.
18. ________________the traffic jam, they weren’t late for the meeting.
19. ________________ she’s rich, she is always sad.
20. I couldn’t sleep________________ I was tired.
Đáp án:
- Although
- Despite/ in spite of
- Although
- Despite/ In spite of
- Although
- Although
- Although
- Despite/ In spite of
- Although
- Despite/ In spite of
- Despite/ In spite of
- Despite/ in spite of
- Despite/ in spite of
- Despite/ in spite of
- Despite/ in spite of
- Although
- Despite/ In spite of
- Despite/ In spite of
- Although
- Although
Exercise 2. Chọn đáp án đúng cho các câu hỏi sau
1. I adore autumn ________ the cool.
A. in spite of B. although C. however
2. He went to bed early ________ he didn’t finish her homework.
A. despite B. although C. however
3. ________ the fact that he is 25 years old, he is so childish.
A. In spite B. Despite C. However
4. I usually go to school by bus. ________, I don’t like it.
A. Despite B. Although C. However
5. ________ John owns two cars, he rarely drives to work.
A. Despite B. Although C. However
6. The athlete completed the race ________ his pain.
A. despite B. although C. nevertheless
7. Emma looks pretty. She, ________, seems to lack personality.
A. despite B. although C. nevertheless
8. ________ we have a slim chance to win, we won’t lose hope.
A. Despite B. Although C. However
9. ________ of his bad luck, she won the medal.
A. In spite B. Despite C. However
10. Jack is friendly ________ the fact that he’s very famous.
A. despite B. although C. however
11. I could not eat ____ I was really hungry.
A. even though B. in spite C. despite
12. In spite _____, the baseball game was not canceled.
A. the rain B. of the rain C. it was raining
13. ______ he had enough money, he refused to buy a house.
A. In spite of B. Despite C. Although
14. ______, he walked to the station.
A. Despite being tired B. Although to be tired C. In spite being tired
15. The children slept well, despite _____.
A. the noise B. of the noise C. noisy
16. She left him __________ she still loved him.
A. even though B. in spite of C. despite
17. _______ her lack of hard work, she was promoted.
A. Even though B. in spite of C. despite of
18. _______ they are brothers, they do not look alike.
A. Although B. Despite C. In spite of
Đáp án:
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A
7. C 8. B 9. A 10. A 11. A 12. B
13. C 14. A 15. A 16. A 17. B 18. A
Exercise 3: Chọn đáp án đúng cho các câu sau
1. Mr. Alex was late for the meeting though he took a taxi.
- A. Even though taking a taxi, Mr. Alex was late for the meeting.
- B. In spite of taking a taxi, but Mr.Alex was late for the meeting.
- C. Mr. Alex was late for the meeting despite the fact he took a taxi.
- D. Mr. Alex was late for the meeting although having taken a taxi.
2. We came to the meeting on time though the traffic was bad.
- A. Despite the traffic was bad, we came to the meeting on time.
- B. In spite of the bad traffic, we came to the meeting on time.
- C. Even though the bad traffic, we came to the meeting on time.
- D. Although the traffic was bad, but we came to the meeting on time.
3. Although he took a taxi, Nam still arrived late for the concert.
- A. Nam arrived late for the concert whether he took a taxi or not.
- B. Nam arrived late for the concert because of the taxi.
- C. In spite of taking a taxi, Nam arrived late for the concert.
- D. Nam took a taxi to the concert, but he couldn’t catch it.
4. Although he is rich, he can’t afford to buy a new car.
- A. He doesn’t have enough money to buy a new car he likes.
- B. Rich as he is, he can’t afford to buy a new car.
- C. A new car is too expensive for him to buy.
- D. He wants to buy a new car but it costs a lot.
5. Although Anna felt tired, she stayed up late talking to Tom.
- A. Despite feeling tired, Anna stayed up late talking to Tom.
- B. In spite of feeling tired, Anna stayed up late talking to Tom.
- C. Anna wouldn’t feel tired despite staying up late talking to Tom.
- D. Anna stayed up late talking to Tom. As a result, she was tired.
Đáp án:
- C. Mr. Alex was late for the meeting despite the fact he took a taxi.
- B. In spite of the bad traffic, we came to the meeting on time.
- C. In spite of taking a taxi, Nam arrived late for the concert.
- B. Rich as he is, he can’t afford to buy the car.
- A. Despite feeling tired, Anne stayed up late talking to Tom.
Vậy là chúng ta đã cùng nhau tìm hiểu toàn bộ kiến thức lý thuyết về mệnh đề nhượng bộ trong tiếng Anh. Đây là dạng cấu trúc quan trọng thường gặp trong cuộc sống và các đề thi nên bạn hãy học cẩn thận và làm bài tập đầy đủ nhé. Vietop English chúc bạn học tốt và hãy tham khảo thêm các chủ điểm ngữ pháp khác tại chuyên mục IELTS Grammar của Vietop nhé
Ngọc Hương 
Hoàng Long 
